If a tanker is carrying 50,000 barrels of oil and 1% of it is actually water, that's 500 barrels of worthless liquid sold at oil prices. ASTM D95 provides the legal "correction" for these custody transfers The Safety Risk:
: A solvent (such as xylene or aromatic naphtha) is added to the sample to facilitate the distillation process. Process : The sample and solvent are heated in the flask. Astm D95 Pdf
Here are a few papers related to ASTM D95 PDF: If a tanker is carrying 50,000 barrels of
Source: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Research, Volume 9, Issue 2 Here are a few papers related to ASTM
Water in lubricating oils can cause machinery to rust or fail. In hot bitumen, trapped water can turn into steam and cause dangerous "boilovers" during processing. The Scene: The "Dean-Stark" Distillation