| Artifact | Pattern That Reveals It | Probable Cause | |----------|------------------------|----------------| | Black crush | Near-black ramps, PLUGE | Incorrect brightness setting or aggressive local dimming | | White clipping | Peak luminance window | Contrast too high or tone mapping off | | Green push | Grayscale ramps, 20% gray | Poor white balance calibration | | Banding | Linear ramps | 8-bit panel + poor dithering, or source encoding errors | | Color desaturation | 100% saturation primaries | Limited gamut or gamut mapping error | | ABL pumping | MaxFALL full-field steps | Display power limiting algorithm | | Overshoot/undershoot | Moving windows on black | Poor pixel response in LCD VA panels |
A comprehensive calibration suite typically includes several categories of patterns: hdr10 test patterns
| Parameter | Specification | Pattern Relevance | |-----------|---------------|--------------------| | EOTF | ST.2084 (PQ) | Patterns must encode linear light steps as PQ codes. | | Color Primaries | BT.2020 (R: 0.708,0.292; G: 0.170,0.797; B: 0.131,0.046; W: 0.3127,0.3290) | Patterns test color decoding & gamut mapping. | | Bit Depth | 10-bit (64–940 for video range; 4–1019 for full range legal) | Patterns reveal banding & quantization errors. | | Metadata | SMPTE ST.2086 (static) | Patterns include mastering display color primaries, white point, luminance min/max (e.g., 0.005/1000 nits). | | MaxCLL / MaxFALL | Max Content Light Level / Frame-Average Light Level | Patterns test tone mapping behavior. | | Artifact | Pattern That Reveals It |