) : Whether a reaction releases heat () or absorbs it ( endothermic ). Entropy ( ΔScap delta cap S ) : The measure of disorder in a system. Gibbs Free Energy ( ΔGcap delta cap G
| Bonding Type | Particles | Melting Point | Conductivity | Example | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | | Positive & Negative ions | High | Solid = No; Liquid = Yes | NaCl (Salt) | | Covalent (Simple) | Molecules | Low | Never | Water (H₂O) | | Covalent (Giant) | Atoms | Very High | Usually No (except graphite) | Diamond | | Metallic | Positive ions & delocalized electrons | High | Yes | Copper | chemistry year 11 notes
The Foundation of Chemistry
Always convert cm³ to dm³ by dividing by 1000. If you forget this, your concentration calculation will be 1000x wrong. ) : Whether a reaction releases heat ()
is critical for predicting if a reaction will occur without external help. Study Tips for Year 11 Chemistry If you forget this, your concentration calculation will